Factors Affecting Glycemic Control Among Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Attending Benghazi Children’s Hospital, Libya: Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Poor glycemic control in children with type 1 diabetes leads to serious complications affecting growth, development, and quality of life. In Libya, data are limited. Our study assesses glycemic control and identifies risk factors associated with poor control, to guide better management and prevent long-term complications in young patients. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Benghazi Children’s Hospital, involving 120 children and adolescents aged (<18 years) with type 1 diabetes mellitus for over a year. Glycemic control was assessed using glycated haemoglobin and categorized as good (HbA1c <7.5%) or poor (HbA1c ≥7.5%). Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify significant risk factors associated with poor glycemic control. Results: The study found that 93.3% of participants had poor glycemic control, with a mean HbA1c of 10.2%. Adolescents and prolonged use of insulin pen needles for more than one day were identified as risk factors for poor glycemic outcomes, with p-values of 0.030 and 0.014, respectively. Conclusion: Poor glycemic control was highly prevalent among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus attending Benghazi Children’s Hospital. Adolescence (11–18 years) and reuse of insulin pen needles were associated with poor glycemic control. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions and strengthened diabetes management strategies.