Climate Change and Health: Enhancing Resilience in Fragile Systems

Background: Climate change represents one of the most pressing public health challenges of the 21st century, with fragile and conflict-affected contexts experiencing disproportionate impacts. Libya, situated within the Eastern Mediterranean and North Africa climate hotspot, faces intensifying hazards including prolonged droughts, extreme heat, desertification, and catastrophic flooding. These environmental stresses converge with structural vulnerabilities-such as degraded infrastructure, weak governance, limited disease surveillance, and protracted political instability all of which undermine health system resilience.